Abstract
The treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances could have an important role in the induction of oxidative stress and associated negative consequences. Because of the simultaneous effects of corrosion, deformation, friction, and mechanical stress on fixed orthodontic appliances during treatment, degradation of orthodontic brackets and archwires occurs, causing higher concentrations of metal ions in the oral cavity. Corroded appliances cause the release of metal ions, which may lead to the increased values of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to metal-catalyzed free radical reactions. Chromium, iron, nickel, cobalt, titanium, and molybdenum all belong to the group of transition metals that can be subjected to redox reactions to form ROS. The estimation of health risk due to the amount of heavy metals released and the level of selected parameters of oxidative stress generated for the time of treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances is presented. Approaches to avoid oxidative stress and recommendations for the preventive use of topical or systemic antioxidants during orthodontic treatment are discussed.
Highlights
The broad topic was considered from many different perspectives, as the narrative review was divided into various sections
Metal ions released from corroded orthodontic appliances could be exposed to redox cycling reactions and cause oxidative stress
The safety of such appliances should be investigated, the risk assessed, and the justification and appropriateness of additional antioxidant intake confirmed by the results of future human studies to demonstrate the efficacy of antioxidant therapy in reducing oxidative stress during dental treatment
Summary
Jasmina Primožič 1 , Borut Poljšak 2, * , Polona Jamnik 3 , Vito Kovač 2 , Gordana Čanadi Jurešić 4 and Stjepan Spalj 5. Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot
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