Abstract
This paper considers the similarities and differences between lower flammability fluorocarbons and ammonia when used in industrial refrigeration and heat pump systems and between commercial and industrial systems using lower flammability fluorocarbons. The implications for accurate and appropriate risk assessment in design of the industrial systems are investigated and guidelines for conducting the assessment are presented. A typical risk assessment for an industrial system is prepared, using a hypothetical plant as the benchmark and the implications for system configuration and plant layout are identified. The paper should be useful for owners, operators, notified bodies, consultants and contractors who are engaged in the design and construction of industrial facilities.
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