Abstract
AbstractThe present study was carried out to investigate the risk of heavy metal contamination in groundwater in Ota, Ogun state. Water samples were taken from seven (7) major groundwater sources p...
Highlights
The availability of groundwater for various purposes and its purity shifted the dependency of man from surface water to groundwater (Chabukdhara, Gupta, Kotecha, & Nema, 2017)
Where the average daily dose is measured in μg−1, C is the concentration of each heavy metal and trace elements, IR is the intake rate of water, which for the purpose of the present study is taken as 2.72, 2.13 and 1.80 L day−1 for adult male, adult female and children, respectively, EF is the exposure frequency, that is (365 days/year), ED is the exposure duration, which is taken to be 70 years for adults and 10 years for children BW is the average body weight, which is taken to be 72 kg for adult male, 68 kg for adult female and 22 kg for children, respectively
The concentration appeared to be the highest in all the water samples when compared with other metals considered for this study followed by Manganese (Mn), while the concentration of Potassium (K) was found to be the least in the samples
Summary
The availability of groundwater for various purposes and its purity shifted the dependency of man from surface water to groundwater (Chabukdhara, Gupta, Kotecha, & Nema, 2017). Human activities such as mining, irrigation return flow, sewage, agro fertilizers, industrial wastes and animal wastes all contribute to the contamination of groundwater especially in a highly populated and heavily industrialized area (National Research Council (US), 2000, Abraham & Susan, 2017). One of the major contaminants that affects groundwater quality and poses a health risk to mankind is heavy metals and trace elements because they are highly persistent and are bioaccumulative in nature. Lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), beryllium (Be), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), etc., are few examples of heavy metals When these metals are consumed in quantities higher than the recommended standard they can lead to very chronic diseases such as high blood pressure, liver crises, kidney problem, skin irritation and so on (USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency), 2001, U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2006, WHO, 2011)
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