Abstract

Antibiotics, especially fluoroquinolones (FQs), have been largely used in animal husbandry namely poultry production. Therefore, this study aimed to identify, quantify and estimate the daily intake for adult and 3-year-old populations of the FQs norfloxacin (NOR), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and enrofloxacin (ENR) through poultry muscle consumption.The results showed detection frequencies of 78% and 62% in supermarket and school canteen samples, respectively. Of the 182 analysed samples, 4 did not comply with ENR maximum residue level (MRL), and 9 were contaminated with NOR, not allowed as a veterinary medicine of food-producing animals.The highest estimated daily intake value was obtained for the 3-year-old population regarding the sum of ENR and CIP (0.46 μg kg−1 day−1); value substantially lower than the established acceptable daily intake (2.0 μg kg−1 day−1). Although the low risk found, the high detection frequencies support the apprehension of the different international organizations, towards the emergence of human bacterial resistances to FQs originated from poultry production.

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