Abstract
Research Article| February 01 2006 Risk assessment and risk management of faecal contamination in drinking water distributed withouta disinfectant residual J. Hein M. van Lieverloo; J. Hein M. van Lieverloo 1Kiwa Water Research, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PENieuwegein, the Netherlands E-mail: ;gertjan.medema@kiwa.nl;dick.van.der.kooij@kiwa.nl E-mail: hein.van.lieverloo@kiwa.nl Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Gertjan Medema; Gertjan Medema 1Kiwa Water Research, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PENieuwegein, the Netherlands E-mail: ;gertjan.medema@kiwa.nl;dick.van.der.kooij@kiwa.nl Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Dick van der Kooij Dick van der Kooij 1Kiwa Water Research, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PENieuwegein, the Netherlands E-mail: ;gertjan.medema@kiwa.nl;dick.van.der.kooij@kiwa.nl Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua (2006) 55 (1): 25–31. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2005.054 Article history Received: September 12 2005 Accepted: September 28 2005 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Permissions Search Site Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsThis Journal Search Advanced Search Citation J. Hein M. van Lieverloo, Gertjan Medema, Dick van der Kooij; Risk assessment and risk management of faecal contamination in drinking water distributed withouta disinfectant residual. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 1 February 2006; 55 (1): 25–31. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2005.054 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex In the Netherlands, drinking water is distributed with a low or zero disinfectant residual, resulting in a high appreciation of taste and odour. Even more than in countries striving to maintain a disinfectant residual, water companies in the Netherlands should focus on preventing contamination by guaranteeing reliability of infrastructure and hygiene during operations. The Water Safety Plan approach is being tested in several pilot projects, prioritising needs for further optimisation. Incidence of E. coli (formerly monitored as thermotolerant coliforms) is low. Only 1 in every 1,000 first tap water samples contains these faecal indicators and only 1 in every 25 repeat samples. Repeated detection of faecal indicators occurs only c. five times a year, and outbreaks are rare. Systematic risk assessment, including scientifically based quantitative evaluations, is deemed necessary for effective and cost-effective risk management. drinking water, faecal contamination, Hygiene Code, low disinfectant residual, risk management, Water Safety Plan This content is only available as a PDF. © IWA Publishing 2006 You do not currently have access to this content.
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