Risk assessment and management of hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence in patients with chronic hepatitis B in the era of antiviral therapy

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Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection remains the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in China. Oral antiviral drugs have been shown to significantly reduce the HCC risk in CHB patients, but it cannot completely eliminate the HCC occurrence. Therefore, accurate HCC risk assessment and standardized screening in CHB patients are essential for early diagnosis and improved prognosis. In recent years, medical researchers have established a variety of HCC risk prediction models for CHB patients, providing clinicians with a good assessment method. However, due to the differences in the baseline characteristics of each model when deriving and verifying the population, the applicable population and prediction effectiveness are still different, and it is difficult to achieve a "one-size-fits all" . To this end, this paper reviews the common HCC risk assessment model for CHB patients during antiviral therapy, and introduces the monitoring and screening strategies of domestic and foreign guidelines for high-risk HCC patients in order to help clinicians better manage such patients.