RISK AND EXPOSURE CONTROL OF AVIATION IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT

Abstract

Till now the exposure analysis and assessment are put in fundament of the system of environment protection from human activities including the civil aviation. Risk methodology is considered mostly as supplemental tool for this. All the environmental hazards are subject of occupational (or transportation) safety at the same moment. The risks and of their impact on human and ecological (ecosystems) health is more valuable assessment than simply an exposure analysis, for example, a number of people annoyed by noise is more informative value than a number of exposed by noise (over or equal to specific level) people or simply an area of exposed by noise (of specific level) lands in vicinity of the airport under consideration. In comparison with noise annoyance, for which higher exposure provides higher number of annoyed people inside exposed community, for other types of risk agents the severity of health changes is also evident – up to cancer (for example, leukemia may be caused by electro-magnetic field exposure to people) or direct mortality outcomes. So, individual and societal risks are becoming more attractive values for decision making process in a number of practical cases of environment protection, in aviation sector also. To confirm this quite evident now precondition it is important to mention that a vulnerability of the human or/and eco-system under consideration is important to be assessed correctly, in a number of cases the vulnerability is possible to be controlled (not only the exposure of the noise or other factor being controlled!) to reach a final result of protection from a hazard(s). For example, considering noise annoyance, a complementary to Balanced Approach to aircraft noise management the community engagement is recommended (ICAO Cir. 351).For this was launched EU H-2020 project ANIMA (Aviation Noise Impact Management through Novel Approaches) for this to find the better communication solutions between exposed by noise community and authorities responsible for noise management.