Abstract
Antibiotic resistance, particularly to fluoroquinolones and macrolides, in the major foodborne pathogen Campylobacter is considered a serious threat to public health. Although ruminant animals serve as a significant reservoir for Campylobacter, limited information is available on antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter of bovine origin. Here, we analyzed the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 320 C. jejuni and 115 C. coli isolates obtained from feedlot cattle farms in multiple states in the U.S. The results indicate that fluoroquinolone resistance reached to 35.4% in C. jejuni and 74.4% in C. coli, which are significantly higher than those previously reported in the U.S. While all fluoroquinolone resistant (FQR) C. coli isolates examined in this study harbored the single Thr-86-Ile mutation in GyrA, FQRC. jejuni isolates had other mutations in GyrA in addition to the Thr-86-Ile change. Notably, most of the analyzed FQRC. coli isolates had similar PFGE (pulsed field gel electrophoresis) patterns and the same MLST (multilocus sequence typing) sequence type (ST-1068) regardless of their geographic sources and time of isolation, while the analyzed C. jejuni isolates were genetically diverse, suggesting that clonal expansion is involved in dissemination of FQRC. coli but not C. jejuni. These findings reveal the rising prevalence of FQRCampylobacter in the U.S. and provide novel information on the epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter in the ruminant reservoir.
Highlights
Campylobacter is a leading cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide and is a major public health problem[1, 2]
Results from this study revealed high prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistant (FQR) Campylobacter in feedlot cattle in the U.S The resistance rate in C. coli is especially high, reaching to 77%
Such a high-level prevalence of FQ resistance in ruminants was not reported in earlier studies conducted in the U.S.19–21, a recent study conducted in 200825 found that 27.3% C. jejuni and 49.2% C. coli from different types of cattle productions were resistant to ciprofloxacin
Summary
Campylobacter is a leading cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide and is a major public health problem[1, 2]. Ruminant Campylobacter contributes to human disease via multiple transmission routes including direct contact (e.g. petting zoo and occupational exposure), consumption of unpasteurized milk (and associated dairy products), and environmental contamination (e.g., water and produce)[10,11,12]. A slaughterhouse survey[25] conducted during late 2008 in the U.S found that high percentage of both C. jejuni and C. coli (27.3% and 49.2%, respectively) from different types of cattle types (including both feedlot cattle and adult cows and bulls) were resistant to ciprofloxacin These observations point to a possible rising trend of FQ-resistance in the U.S and highlight the need for conducting surveillance studies on a national scale to assess antibiotic resistance in ruminant Campylobacter. To understand the ecology and facilitate control of antimicrobial resistant Campylobacter in the ruminant reservoir, we determined in this study the antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter isolates derived from feedlot cattle operations in geographically diverse regions in the U.S
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