Abstract
Rise of Urban Water Table as a Cause of Flooding: Improving Knowledge in the City of Niamey (Niger Republic)
Highlights
Climate change and meteorological events, storms, hurricanes, thunderstorms, cold or heat waves carry potential risks whose impacts can affect many areas: ecological, demographic, health, economic, social and political [1]
While the 1990s were declared international decades of natural disaster prevention, the city of Niamey recorded a series of floods in 1992, 1998 followed later in the 2000s by those of 2000, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2017 and more recently in 2020. [31] believe that the floods recorded in 2010, 2012 and 2013 are due to the phenomenon of silting up of the river bed which greatly reduced the depth of the river bed. river
According to [33] the first flood, of Sahelian origin, occurring during the rainy season and is linked to flows linked to the monsoon rains, generally of high intensity (35% of the rains fall with an intensity greater than 60 mm/h) and the second period corresponds to the arrival of the flows generated by the same monsoon in the upstream basin, and which took several months to cross the 2000 kilometers to be covered from Guinea, and especially the Inner Niger Delta, a vast expanse of 120,000 km of lakes and marshes in which the river loses on average half of its flow each year
Summary
Climate change and meteorological events, storms, hurricanes, thunderstorms, cold or heat waves carry potential risks whose impacts can affect many areas: ecological, demographic, health, economic, social and political [1]. Silent floods (due to the rise of the water table) are rarely taken into account during the study work whereas in the city of Niamey there are sectors (along the Gounti Yéna valley) where the populations are witnessing the phenomenon of unexplained permanent flooding. As everywhere in the Sahel, rainfall is characterized by very high spatio-temporal variability. In semi-arid environments, recharge processes are heterogeneous and variable in space and time [3] [4]. This heterogeneity is linked to the high variability of hydrological parameters (rainfall, runoff and infiltration) which increases with aridity [5]. Rainfall is characterized by great variability in space and time, from year to year and between dry and wet periods
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