Rise and shine: A treatment experiment testing a morning routine to decrease subjective sleep inertia in insomnia and bipolar disorder

Abstract

Sleep inertia involves decreased performance or disorientation upon waking that lasts several hours and impairs functioning. Though sleep inertia is common in insomnia and may interfere with treatment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBTI) does not routinely include a component to address sleep inertia. The present study evaluates such a component, the RISE-UP routine, in CBTI for insomnia comorbid with bipolar disorder. We hypothesized that the RISE-UP routine would increase physical activity in the morning and reduce the duration and severity of self-reported sleep inertia. Sleep and sleep inertia were monitored in the week prior to and following the intervention with daily sleep diaries, actigraphy, and ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Participants were randomized to a bipolar-specific modification of CBT-I (CBTI-BP) with RISE-UP (N = 20) or a psychoeducation (PE) comparison condition (N = 20). The treatment experiment (RISE-UP vs PE) was completed in the first treatment session. RISE-UP reduced the duration and severity of self-reported sleep inertia, as measured by diary reports and by EMA ratings, and was rated as acceptable and credible. Compliance was high, and increases in morning activity levels were verified via actigraphy. Addressing morning sleep inertia via behavioral modifications upon waking may be a useful addition to CBTI.