Abstract
The present article investigates the expressions of popular demands and discontent within three forms of manifestation: riots, non-class-based “social movements”, and movements organized by the “working classes” or “workers”. By examining these different movements we expect to problematize the recurring literature surrounding these movements, which has often characterized them as being insufficient or incomplete, reactive and subordinate to higher authorities, thus being void of any transforming power. It is therefore hoped that this article may contribute to a debate that would seek to transcend the very frequently encountered viewpoint that popular protests have been sporadic, rare phenomena throughout Brazilian history.
Highlights
The present article investigates the expressions of popular demands and discontent within three forms of manifestation: riots, non-class-based “social movements”, and movements organized by the “working classes” or “workers”
The black movements did not manage to attain greater “political expression” during the period considered we should mention the emphasis placed on appreciating black culture as a significant element of identity, and it is possible to discuss the extent to which the Movimento Negro Unificado, which was formed later, was not a branch of those created previously
15 Her influence has been considered as an “interpretative paradigm of Brazilian history”: “the absence of defined classes in the Brazilian case would have only produced a void to be filled by the demiurgic action of the State” (CULTURA, 1997, p. 15, author’s translation)
Summary
Centro Universitário Belas Artes de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil UniFIAM-FAAM Centro Universitário, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Abstract : The present article investigates the expressions of popular demands and discontent within three forms of manifestation: riots, non-class-based “social movements”, and movements organized by the “working classes” or “workers”. By examining these different movements we expect to problematize the recurring literature surrounding these movements, which has often characterized them as being insufficient or incomplete, reactive and subordinate to higher authorities, being void of any transforming power. The strategy is not new: dismantle popular power, to which existence as a political force is denied and the history of which is erased. Police brutality ensures that voices coming from the streets are suffocated. (CALENDÁRIO, 2014, n.p., author’s translation)
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