Rind from Purple Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Attenuates Diet-Induced Physiological and Metabolic Changes in Obese Rats.

Oliver D John,Peter Mouatt,Sunil K Panchal,Lindsay Brown

doi:10.3390/nu13020319

Oliver D John, Peter Mouatt + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020319

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Abstract

The pulp of the purple mangosteen, Garcinia mangostana, is a popular tropical fruit but the rind containing xanthones such as α-mangostin together with procyanidins and anthocyanidins is usually discarded as waste. However, this rind has been used in South-East Asia for diarrhoea, dysentery, skin infections and wounds. As xanthones have reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses, this study has determined the bioactive compounds and evaluated the effects of G. mangostana rind on physiological, metabolic, liver and cardiovascular parameters in rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Rats fed a diet with increased simple sugars and saturated fats developed obesity, hypertension, increased left ventricular stiffness, dyslipidaemia and fatty liver. Administration of G. mangostana rind as 5% of the food to rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome gave a dose of 168 mg/kg/day α-mangostin, 355 mg/kg/day procyanidins, 3.9 mg/kg/day anthocyanins and 11.8 mg/kg/day hydroxycitric acid for 8 weeks which reduced body weight and attenuated physiological and metabolic changes in rats including decreased abdominal fat deposition, decreased abdominal circumference and whole-body fat mass, improved liver structure and function and improved cardiovascular parameters such as systolic blood pressure, left ventricular stiffness and endothelial function. These responses were associated with decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells, decreased deposition of collagen in both heart and liver and decreased mean adipocyte size in retroperitoneal adipose tissues. We conclude that, in rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome, chronic intake of G. mangostana rind decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells which decreased physiological, metabolic, liver and cardiovascular symptoms.

Highlights

The genus Garcinia is native to Asia, Africa, Australia and Polynesia with more than 300 species in the Clusiaceae or Guttiferae family [1,2]
Reduction of obesity has not been reported in rodent models, G. mangostana rind reduced blood glucose and lipid concentrations, blood pressure and liver steatosis, and improved insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese rats [7,8]
Our study showed that obese rats given G. mangostana rind had decreased mean retroperitoneal adipocyte size

Summary

Introduction

The genus Garcinia is native to Asia, Africa, Australia and Polynesia with more than 300 species in the Clusiaceae or Guttiferae family [1,2]. In Asia, most Garcinia species are distributed in tropical countries including Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines [2]. While the pulp of fresh mangosteen as the fruit of Garcinia mangostana Linn. Reduction of obesity has not been reported in rodent models, G. mangostana rind reduced blood glucose and lipid concentrations, blood pressure and liver steatosis, and improved insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese rats [7,8]. An ethanolic extract of G. mangostana rind reduced blood glucose concentrations by increasing the population of insulin-producing β-cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats [9]

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