Rigidity and fragility of large sociotechnical systems: Advanced information technology, the dominant coalition, and paradigm shift at the end of the 20th century

Abstract

This article deals with the frontiers of sociotechnical systems theory and practice. It questions a number of customary assumptions and “givens.” Dynamic evolutionary systems theory is briefly reviewed. Some problems with traditional approaches are identified. The dominant coalition, pressured to change, is discussed as is the meaning of flexibility in technology-intensive organizations. Limitations to person/computer systems are then considered. Several emerging trends and patterns in technological impact are identified: large-scale uniformity; the fragility of networks; enhancement of the familiar; the Latinization of the U.S.; misunderstanding of time, speed, and numbers; and “allometric” growth in management and support. A number of trends are also identified regarding the design of work systems: “good” jobs and work systems, work teams, and employment and unemployment. The article concludes with a discussion of macrosystemic evolution in the form of national decline and Kondratiev structural change. Some brief recommendations are made for capturing the participation of top management in changing the dominant coalition itself. This research involves the group, organization, society, and supranational system levels of living systems theory.