Abstract
Timber-concrete composite panels enables to combine advantages of pure timber and pure concrete panels in one structural member especially in the case, when the rigid timber-concrete connection is provided. The effectiveness of timber and concrete use and load-carrying capacity of the timber-concrete composite panels will grow in the case. The new concept of rigid timber to concrete connection was developed by the using of the granite chips as the keys to provide high quality of the glued connection. Behaviour of the timber-concrete composite panels were investigated by finite element method and laboratorian experiment. Three timber-concrete composite panels in combination with carbon fibre reinforced plastic composite tapes in the tension zone with the span 1.8 m were statically loaded till the failure by the scheme of three-point bending. One specimen was produced by dry method, by gluing together cross-laminated timber panel and prefabricated concrete panel. Timber-concrete connection of the other two specimens was provided by the granite chips, which were glued on the surface of the cross-laminated timber by epoxy, and then wet concrete was placed. Dimensions of the crushed granite pieces changes within the limits from 16 to 25 mm. The current study focuses on determining the effect of the use of granite chips for timber-concrete composite panels with adhesive connection between layers. The effect of the use of granite chips in rigid connection is determined by comparison of mid-span displacements and level of failure load of the two variants of the timber-concrete composite panels. Three-dimensional finite element models of timber-concrete composite with rigid connection was developed and validated by experiment data. Obtained results shown, that the use of the granite chips in rigid timber to concrete connection allow to make a quality rigid connection. Possibility to increase by 28% level of failure load of the timber-concrete composite panels by the adding of granite chips was stated. Maximal vertical mid-span displacements of the panels decrease about 3.8 times at the same time.
Highlights
Effectiveness of timber-concrete composite (TCC) structural members strongly dependent from the type of timber to concrete connection
The solid finite elements were used for finite element method (FEM) model development. 3D orthotropic elastic material model was used for cross-laminated timber (CLT) elements, for carbon fibre reinforced plastic was used isotropic non-linear material model and 3D isotropic Mazars' damage material model was used with non-linear stress-strain diagram for concrete layer
According to the laboratory test, mid-span displacement of the TCC specimen with granite chips at the load level equal to 15 kN is 3.18 mm, while the calculated by 3D non-linear numerical model corresponding displacement is 3.50 mm. 3D model produces little more conservative results of the behaviour of the TCC specimens with granite chips subjected to the three-point bending than data obtained by the experiment
Summary
Effectiveness of timber-concrete composite (TCC) structural members strongly dependent from the type of timber to concrete connection. Semi-rigid and rigid once are two types of timber to concrete connections in hybrid timber-concrete composite structural members, which are used in the practice [1], [2]. Studies shows that the adhesive composite connection of the timber-concrete structural members is more effective in comparison with the semi-rigid one so as provides higher bending stiffness and leads to smaller deflections and a better structural members behaviour, including higher natural frequency, which is a very important characteristic of the floor structures [3] – [10]. Timber component in timber-concrete panels very often is presented by the cross-laminated timber (CLT). CLT could be used for load-bearing walls and panels of multi-storey timber
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