Rightward orienting bias, wheelchair maneuvering, and fall risk

Abstract

Objective: To investigate whether rightward orienting bias, without neglect of left hemispace, increased accident risk. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation unit of department of government medical center. Patients: Successive right-cerebrovascular accident (CVA) admissions were reviewed over a 2-year period. Only patients with left hemisphere damage, recent abusive drinking, dementia, or inpatient stays of less than 3 weeks were excluded. Fifty-five right-CVA subjects were divided into three groups, based on starting point and omissions in left hemispace on the ReyOsterreith Complex Figure Drawing and Random Letter Cancellation test. Thirty-two patients were placed in the L-OMIT group (omitted stimuli in left hemispace), 11 patients were placed in the R-BIAS group (began tasks to the right without omissions), and 12 patients were placed in the Non-Neglect Stroke group (no evidence of unilateral neglect). Twenty male inpatients with no history of brain damage served as controls (Normal Control). Main Outcome Measures: Frequency of hospital falls and wheelchair obstacle course contacts. Results: Both the L-OMIT and the R-BIAS groups had more inpatient falls than the other groups F(3,71) = 6.11, p < .001. On the wheelchair obstacle course, the L-OMIT group made more left-sided wheelchair collisions than any other group. However, the R-BIAS group also made more errors than the Non-Neglect Stroke and the Normal Control groups, F(3,55) = 5.72, p < .01). Conclusions: Results suggest that rightward orienting bias has clinical significance, even without more serious symptoms of unilateral neglect.