Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Septal Pacing: Long-Term Follow-Up of Ventricular Lead Performance

Abstract

Background: The detrimental effects of right ventricular apical pacing on left ventricular function has driven interest in selective site pacing, predominantly on the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) septum. There is currently no information on long-term ventricular lead electrical performance from this site. Methods: A total of 100 patients with ventricular lead placement on the RVOT septum undergoing pacemaker implantation for bradycardia indications were analyzed retrospectively. Lead positioning was confirmed with the use of fluoroscopy. Long-term (1 year) follow-up was obtained in 92 patients. Information on stimulation threshold, R-wave sensing, lead impedance, and lead complications were collected. Results: Lead performance at the RVOT septal position was stable in the long term. Ventricular electrical parameters were acceptable with stable long-term stimulation thresholds, sensing, and impedance for all lead types. One-year results demonstrated mean stimulation threshold of 0.71 ± 0.25 V, mean R wave of 12.4 ± 6.05 mV, and mean impedance values of 520 ± 127 Ω. There were no cases of high pacing thresholds or inadequate sensing. Conclusions: This study confirms satisfactory long-term performance with leads placed on the RVOT septum, comparable to traditional pacing sites. It is now time to undertake studies to examine the long-term hemodynamic effects of RVOT septal pacing.