Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), poses a global threat to TB control programs, especially in developing countries (1). In 2019, among the 81 million people in Iran, there was an estimated TB incidence of 13 per 100,000 population (1). Estimated Iran MDR/ rifampicin (RIF)-resistant TB rates were 1.3% among new cases and 8.3% in retreatment cases (1). Patients with RIF-resistant TB, often seen as a proxy for MDR-TB, require treatment regimens that are longer, less effective, and less accessible than first-line regimens (2-8). The low numbers of well-equipped laboratories for drug susceptibility testing (DST) in Iran, make the diagnosis of RIF-resistance challenging in the country (6, 9, 10). As a result, RIF-resistant-TB, very often remains undetected, leading to further spread of drug-resistant TB and worse TB treatment outcomes (11-15). Given that RIF-resistant TB is among the major challenges for national TB control programs (NTP), identification of RIF-resistant TB resistance among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates could help us to better advance treatment achievement. Although some studies have investigated the prevalence of RIF-resistance in Iran, a comprehensive analysis has not yet been reported. In this study, we aimed to assess the frequency of RIF-resistance in M. tuberculosis isolates in Iran, using a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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