Riesgo cariogénico en pacientes pediátricos de la Universidad del Pacífico en el año 2021

Abstract

Dental caries is considered a multifactorial disease that affects most of the world population and is considered to be the most prevalent disease of the oral cavity. There are several factors that play a very important role in the onset and progress of caries such as the host, time, substratum and microorganisms. On the other hand, the level of cariogenic risk can be defined as the probability of developing this disease, depending on several factors related to behaviors and practices of the individual or of a community. It is possible to prevent and reduce the risk associated with caries if the necessary care is taken into consideration, such as proper hygiene and a balanced diet. Objective: The main objective seeks to determine the most frequent cariogenic risk level in patients who attended the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of the Universidad del Pacífico School of Dentistry in 2021. Methods: The research will be carried out as a cross-sectional descriptive observational study in which the risk table of the patients in the Pediatric Dentistry of the Universidad del Pacífico, was analyzed using the records and clinical histories of the patients. To load the data, the Microsoft Excel® computer program and the Epi Info ™ program were used according to descriptive statistics for subsequent analysis. Results: The most frequent risk level was the high level, which was present in 27 of the 66 patients, which is equivalent to 40.91% of the total patients. According to gender, it was established that the high-risk level was more frequent in the female sex (59.26%) in relation to that of the male sex (40.74%), while in the moderate risk level the male sex predominated (63.64%) unlike the female (36.36%) and finally the low risk was higher in male patients (58.82%) than in female patients witch was lower (46.97%). Conclusion: It was observed that most of the patients have a high level of cariogenic risk, being the sugar moments greater than three times a day, the most predominant factor followed by the presence of white spots or active lesions.