Abstract
We report on the fabrication of ridge waveguide in Nd:GGG crystal by using swift C(5+) ion irradiation and femtosecond laser ablation. At room temperature continuous wave laser oscillation at wavelength of ~1063 nm has been realized through the optical pump at 808 nm with a slope efficiency of 41.8% and the pump threshold is 71.6 mW.
Highlights
As one of the most excellent gain media for solid state lasers, the neodymium doped gadolinium gallium garnet (Nd:Gd3Ga5O12 or Nd:GGG) has attracted much attention owing to its outstanding optical advantages and thermal properties [1, 2]
We report on the fabrication of ridge waveguide in Nd:GGG crystal by using swift C5+ ion irradiation and femtosecond laser ablation
This work has shown the femtosecond laser ablation technique combined with swift heavy ion irradiation may be an effective method to fabricate active ridge waveguides as laser sources
Summary
As one of the most excellent gain media for solid state lasers, the neodymium doped gadolinium gallium garnet (Nd:Gd3Ga5O12 or Nd:GGG) has attracted much attention owing to its outstanding optical advantages and thermal properties [1, 2]. Two dimensional (2D) waveguides (typically in channel or ridge configurations) are more attractive than one dimensional (1D) structures (such as planar and slab waveguides) owing to the more compact geometry in 2D guiding structures that stronger spatial confinement of light achieved while reducing the cost of substrate materials [7,8,9]. Several techniques have been utilized to fabricate waveguides in optical crystals, only the physical methods, such as ion implantation [10, 11] femtosecond laser inscription [12] and proton beam writing [13] are applicable to Nd:GGG for waveguide fabrication due to its stable chemical properties. Compared to the normal ion implantation, the swift ion beams modify the refractive index of the substrates mainly through the electronic excitation induced damages rather than the nuclear collisions. We report on the fabrication of ridge waveguide in Nd:GGG crystals by combining swift carbon ion irradiation and femtosecond laser ablation, and the realization of waveguide lasers at wavelength of 1.06 μm
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