Abstract
The ride-hailing service (RHS) has emerged as a major form of daily travel in many Southeast Asian cities where motorcycles are extensively used. This study aims to analyze the local context in motorcycle-based societies, which may affect the establishment of travelers’ choice set after the appearance of RHSs. In particular, it empirically compares three types of choice-set structures in the context of urban travel mode choice by estimating standard logit and nested logit models to test six hypotheses on the associations of RHS adoption with its determinants. Revealed preference data of 449 trips from both RHS users and non-RHS users were collected through a face-to-face interview-based questionnaire survey in Hanoi, Vietnam, in December 2020. The results of model estimations revealed: (1) a substitutional effect for two-wheelers but not for four-wheelers, (2) a significant positive influence of car ownership on car RHS adoption but not on motorcycle RHS adoption, (3) significantly high sensitivity to travel time of motorcycle RHS but not of car RHS, (4) a significant negative effect of traffic congestion on car RHS adoption but an insignificant one on motorcycle RHS adoption, and (5) a significant positive association of an individual’s experience in using a smartphone with car RHSs but insignificant association with motorcycle RHSs. Our findings suggest that transportation policies of RHS motorcycles should be different from those of RHS cars because of the heterogeneity in travel behaviors of RHS users between them. They also indicate that the transition from motorcycles to cars as well as the difference in service availability among different types of RHSs should be incorporated into the development of transportation policies in Southeast Asian cities.
Highlights
A ride-hailing service (RHS) is a form of mobility-on-demand in which travelers pay for serviced trips through an application installed on their smartphone instead of traveling with their own vehicles [1]
The substitutional effect among two-wheelers (H1 is supported, nested logit model 1 (NL1), nested parameter value = 4.48, p-value < 0.01) suggests that travelers in motorcycle-based cities might be too familiar with two-wheelers, leading to a situation where the discrimination among two-wheelers is not as strong as other alternatives, leading them to form a subgroup of alternatives
Three MNL and nested logit (NL) models were estimated using an empirical dataset collected from Hanoi, Vietnam
Summary
A ride-hailing service (RHS) is a form of mobility-on-demand in which travelers pay for serviced trips through an application installed on their smartphone instead of traveling with their own vehicles [1]. There are several new add-ons to the service, including pooled rides (i.e., users share their rides with others for a cheaper service price), demand-dependent charge (i.e., price is dynamically increased under high demand), and route-based pricing (i.e., an artificial-intelligence charge system in which the fare is set based on users’ willingness to pay for a specific route). As for the context of travel mode choice, including RHS, most studies assumed RHS to be a substitutional mode to conventional modes. They include competitive choices of RHSs versus public transport [8]; RHS versus traditional taxi and walking [9]; pooled RHSs versus private
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