Richness, Diversity And Evenness Of Birds In Small Island

Abstract

Birds play an important role as bioindicators of climate change. For this reason, it is important to know the species richness, diversity and evenness of birds found on small islands. The location of the study was in Haruku Island Maluku. Bird data collected included all bird species, taking into account certain bird species that are sensitive to environmental changes. Bird data collected by the Line Transect method is to use work lines on rectangular data plots in the specified location. This method was chosen because it can trace the plot area of data in a short time and allow repetition of data collection in one day according to the desired time. This method of analysis is to determine the level of diversity in the form of diversity indices, then to scale up the species abundance and then to calculate the estimated population density. The results of the study found 23 species of birds. There were 2 large families recorded, namely: Family Columbidae of 4 types, and Family Psittacidae as many as 5 types, while the other Family groups only had 2 or 1 types.The overall value of the bird species wealth index in 5 data transects is MEDIUM with the value of the Type Wealth Index 3.975863. Then the five Diversity Index of data transects is Medium with the Diversity Index value 2.710911452. Furthermore, the evenness index on five data transects has a fairly good value, which is included in the High Equity Index category with the Evenness Index value of 0.864588 which approaches the number one. From the analysis simulation results, it was found that the temperature aspect, in this case the temperature range at the study location when the data collection did not affect the number of bird species at all, while the estimated altitude aspect has the potential to influence the bird species encounter rate. This condition is quite reasonable because if we look at the data on the number of bird species collected on different transects of data placed in different segment elevations, there seems to be a tendency to increase altitude, so the number of species recorded tends to decrease.