Abstract
Virus-vector relationships can be complex and diverse as a result of long-term coevolution. Understanding these interactions is crucial for disease and vector management. Rice stripe virus (RSV) is known to be transovarially transmitted within its vector, Laodelphax striatellus, and causes serious rice stripe disease. In RSV-infected L. striatellus, we found contrasting changes in vector fecundity, physiology, primary endosymbionts (i.e. yeast-like symbionts, YLS) and feeding behavior that can interact to affect the spread of RSV. RSV-infected L. striatellus exhibited a significant decrease in fecundity that could lead a reduction of viruliferous individuals in populations. As a potential response to this loss, RSV infection also significantly shortened nymphal stage duration, which can strengthen RSV vertical circulation in L. striatellus populations and promote RSV spreading by adult migration and dispersal. Down-regulated JHAMT and up-regulated CYP307A1 in the juvenile hormone and ecdysteroid pathways, respectively, were linked to accelerated development. RSV-infected adults were also found to have higher body weight in conjunction with increased YLS abundance. Furthermore, prolonged host plant phloem exposure to salivation by RSV-infected adults should further enhance RSV horizontal transmission. Our study highlights potential strategies of RSV in enhancing its transmission, and provides new insights into the complexity of virus-vector interactions.
Highlights
0.763 ± 0.020 b,A 0.815 ± 0.012 a,A 0.677 ± 0.011 a,B 0.689 ± 0.007 a,B throughout the ovum, lumen and epithelial cells of midgut and even muscles[6], and consistent with its transovarial transmission, rice stripe virus (RSV) particles are found in follicular cells of ovarioles of L. striatellus[6]
We systemically examined the changes in physiology, primary endosymbionts (i.e. yeast-like symbionts (YLS)) and feeding behavior of RSV-infected L. striatellus to more comprehensively understand the interactions in the RSV-L. striatellus-YLS system
Given that there were significant differences in the duration of the 5th instar between L. striatellus with and without RSV infection for both females and males, we examined the expression of two key genes in the KEGG insect hormone biosynthesis pathway, CYP307A1 in the ecdysteroid pathway and JHAMT in the juvenile hormone (JH) pathway, across this developmental stage
Summary
0.763 ± 0.020 b,A 0.815 ± 0.012 a,A 0.677 ± 0.011 a,B 0.689 ± 0.007 a,B throughout the ovum, lumen and epithelial cells of midgut and even muscles[6], and consistent with its transovarial transmission, RSV particles are found in follicular cells of ovarioles of L. striatellus[6]. In this study we use expression patterns of three genes, JHAMT in the juvenile hormone pathway, CYP307A1 in the ecdysteroid pathway, and Vg to assess the potential immune response to RSV infection as well as the effects of RSV infection on the development and fecundity of L. striatellus at the transcriptional level. As YLS and RSV are both located in the same tissues[6] and transovarially transmitted in L. striatellus[8,15], we tested for potential interactions between them during the life cycle of L. striatellus. We systemically examined the changes in physiology (including development, body weight and fecundity), primary endosymbionts (i.e. YLS) and feeding behavior of RSV-infected L. striatellus to more comprehensively understand the interactions in the RSV-L. striatellus-YLS system
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