Abstract
Silica has been extracted from rice husk, employing a simple extraction for preparing poly(lactic acid) bio-composites with different filler contents.
Highlights
Rice husk (RH) is an agricultural by-product abundantly available: its accounts is one out of ve of the annual worldwide rice production
The yearly global rice production has been estimated at 729 million tons for 2012, which implies more than 150 million tons of RH production, on the basis of the data published by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations in the “Rice Market Monitor” report.[1]
It is possible to discriminate the contribution of each component, even though, most of them are ascribed to cellulose and hemicellulose (namely, n(OH) at 3374, n(CH2) at 2920, d(OH) at 1637, d(CH2) at 1463, d(CH), and d(OH) at 961 cmÀ1
Summary
Rice husk (RH) is an agricultural by-product abundantly available: its accounts is one out of ve of the annual worldwide rice production. The yearly global rice production has been estimated at 729 million tons for 2012, which implies more than 150 million tons of RH production, on the basis of the data published by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations in the “Rice Market Monitor” report.[1] RH has been already employed in different elds (namely, as bio-fertilizer, as material for animal husbandry, as absorbent and building material or pest control agent2), it is still o en considered as a waste product of rice milling, and o en burned in open air or dumped on wasteland It is well-known that RH can be used as a renewable fuel in cogenerating plants, considering its high calori c value (4012 Kcal kgÀ1).[3] during its combustion, about 20–25 wt% of rice husk ash (RHA), containing more than 90% silica, with traces of other metal oxides, is produced.[4].
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