Abstract
BackgroundThe use of larval source management as a supplementary intervention for malaria control has not been widely used in rural Africa due to perceived high costs and complex logistics. To reduce the cost of larviciding in rice farming communities, concurrent application of biolarvicides and fertilizer in rice fields was introduced to control malaria vectors larvae and improve rice grain yields. The present study determined rice farmers’ perceptions and acceptability in the use of a combination of biolarvicide and fertilizers in farming practices.MethodsThis was a qualitative study conducted among rice farmers at Kilangali village, south-central Tanzania. Semi-structured interviews and three focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with men and women who participated in the biolarvicide and fertilizer application project. The interviews and discussion focused on knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of participants on the use of the innovation in their farming practices and their willingness to pay for the innovation.ResultsA total of 40 (mean age = 38.8 ± 10.12 years) rice farmers were involved in the study. Overall, all farmers agreed that it was possible to apply the two products concurrently with minimal challenges. The trust on the safety of biolarvicides on both human and paddy health was high. Respondents reported no challenge in preparation and applying the product in their rice fields. Over half (56.6%) of the participants reported an average decrease in mosquito density in their households and a quarter (26.6%) of them reported a decrease in mosquito population in their farms. Similarly, 93.3% of the participants reported that the intervention had reduced malaria risk in their households. In general, all participants expressed willingness to contribute to a biolarvicide and fertilizer programme and to use the approach in their farming practices.ConclusionCommunity-based concurrent application of biolarvicides and fertilizer in rice fields was feasible and led to a perceived reduction in mosquito density. Willingness to pay for the larviciding/fertilizer approach was expressed by participants and they accepted to use the approach in their future farming practices. However, the impact of this approach on malaria transmission and rice grain harvest need to be evaluated in a large-scale programme.
Highlights
The use of larval source management as a supplementary intervention for malaria control has not been widely used in rural Africa due to perceived high costs and complex logistics
The impact of this approach on malaria transmission and rice grain harvest need to be evaluated in a large-scale programme
The findings of the current study revealed that, all participants accepted that biolarvicides when used alone or when mixed with fertilizer was safe to humans and paddy plants health
Summary
The use of larval source management as a supplementary intervention for malaria control has not been widely used in rural Africa due to perceived high costs and complex logistics. To reduce the cost of larviciding in rice farming communities, concurrent application of biolarvicides and fertilizer in rice fields was introduced to control malaria vectors larvae and improve rice grain yields. Despite the fact that the global burdens of malaria morbidity and mortality have declined by 18%–48% in recent years [1], the sub-Saharan African (SSA) region still reports high number of malaria cases and deaths especially among children [1]. In Tanzania, malaria remain as number one mosquito-borne disease accounting for over one-third of hospital attendance and mortality [1,2,3,4]. Malaria transmission varies with agroecosystem and rice irrigation farming communities are reported to carry the highest burden [5,6,7,8,9,10]
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