Abstract
The introduction of precision farming technologies using hightech equipment will increase the productivity of rice, reduce its cost, and improve the environment. The use of digital technologies in agriculture is especially relevant in the face of rising prices for seeds, fertilizers and fuel, as it helps to significantly reduce costs and increase the profitability of agribusiness. The paper reviews the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in rice cultivation and describes methods for assessing the state of rice crops. Drones are a more versatile and efficient tool for obtaining data on the state of crops of crops compared to information obtained from satellite images. They allow real-time monitoring of the most important indicators of the state of crops, which allows agricultural producers to make timely decisions. The UAV was used to determine the boundaries of the rice system, terrain, microreliefs of checks, moisture of the surface soil layer and the state of rice crops. The studies were carried out on a test site of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Rice Centre” with an area of 327 hectares. The main cultivated crop is rice variety Flagman. The survey was performed by a quadcopter with a Mica Sense Red Edge-M multispectral camera mounted on a fixed suspension. The shooting period using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was limited to early June and additionally used the Sentinel-2A satellite data covering the entire analyzed period (06.05.2019 – 08.29.2019). To assess the state of rice crops, the normalized relative vegetative index NDVI was used. Based on the NDVI distribution and yield information from the combine TUCANO 580 (CLAAS), a statistical analysis was carried out in fields 7 and 9. Testing of the experimental methodology for monitoring crops in 2019 on the basis of remote sensing of test plots and geoinformation modeling and the statistical apparatus should be considered satisfactory.
Highlights
The problem was solved based on aerial photography data dated 16.02.2019 in the visible range of an aircraft-type unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) at an altitude of 300 m, an accuracy of 5 cm per pixel
Let us note the advantages of aerial photography from UAVs in relation to the use of satellite images:
Since the impact of the anthropogenic factor on the soil is most pronounced during rice cultivation, it is necessary to conduct constant monitoring of the state of the rice system
Summary
For the effective use and management of vast areas of agricultural land in Russia, one should proceed from the principles of precision farming, relying on scientific research and technological progress. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (hereinafter referred to as UAVs) in crop production is one of the most relevant and effective methods of precision farming [2]. Based on aerial photographs by means of UAVs and special programs, it is possible to create digital maps of fields in the form of orthophoto and vector plans; elevation and relief maps; determine the area of the contours; monitor the state of soils; calculate vegetation indices and predict yields; to carry out an inventory of agricultural lands, etc. This paper discusses the possibilities of using UAVs for monitoring in a specific field of crop production - rice growing. The main reserves for the growth and development of rice growing in the territory of the Russian Federation, in addition to modernizing production and improving rice-growing complexes, is the introduction of modern technologies and scientific research [7]
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