Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to modulate insulin secretion and initiate gene alterations resulting in impairment of β-cell function and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Rice bran (RB) phenolic extracts contain bioactive properties that may target metabolic pathways associated with the pathogenesis of T2DM. This study aimed to examine the effect of stabilized RB phenolic extracts on the expression of genes associated with β-cell function such as glucose transporter 2 (Glut2), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), and insulin 1 (Ins1) in addition to evaluating its impact on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. It was observed that treatment with different concentrations of RB phenolic extracts (25-250 µg/mL) significantly increased the expression of Glut2, Pdx1, Sirt1, Tfam, and Ins1 genes and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion under both normal and high glucose conditions. RB phenolic extracts favourably modulated the expression of genes involved in β-cell dysfunction and insulin secretion via several mechanisms such as synergistic action of polyphenols targeting signalling molecules, decreasing free radical damage by its antioxidant activity, and stimulation of effectors or survival factors of insulin secretion.
Highlights
Glucose homeostasis is regulated by a sequence of events within the pancreatic β-cells, which result in the secretion of insulin [1]
The present study demonstrated that Rice bran (RB) phenolic extracts effectively alter β-cell function in insulin-secreting cells by modulating the expression of genes and insulin secretion
Results obtained from this study show that under both normal and high glucose conditions, a significant upregulation of the pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) gene was evident after treatment with RB phenolic extracts (Figure 3)
Summary
Glucose homeostasis is regulated by a sequence of events within the pancreatic β-cells, which result in the secretion of insulin [1]. There are several essential genes involved in insulin secretion pathways that are expressed in pancreatic β-cells. They are known to be involved in the processes leading to insulin release from the initial glucose entry into the β-cells followed by mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Nutrients 2020, 12, 1889 generation and potassium and calcium membrane depolarization leading to exocytosis events [4]. They include, glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) [5], pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) [6], sirtuin
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