Abstract
ABSTRACTThe red yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides naturally produces microbial lipids and carotenoids. In the past decade or so, many studies demonstrated R. toruloides as a promising platform for lipid production owing to its diverse substrate appetites, robust stress resistance and other favorable features. Also, significant progresses have been made in genome sequencing, multi-omic analysis and genome-scale modeling, thus illuminating the molecular basis behind its physiology, metabolism and response to environmental stresses. At the same time, genetic parts and tools are continuously being developed to manipulate this distinctive organism. Engineered R. toruloides strains are emerging for enhanced production of conventional lipids, functional lipids as well as other interesting metabolites. This review updates those progresses and highlights future directions for advanced biotechnological applications.
Highlights
Lipids such as triacylglycerols and fatty acid derivatives are formerly sourced from plants and animal fats
Significant progresses have been made in genome sequencing, multi-omic analysis and genome-scale modeling, illuminating the molecular basis behind its physiology, metabolism and response to environmental stresses
Transformation methods Genetic transformation was first reported with random integration of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) gene into the chromosome of R. toruloides MS7013 through polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated protoplast transformation with a transformation efficiency of about 1000 transformants/μg DNA (Tully and Gilbert 1985)
Summary
Lipids such as triacylglycerols and fatty acid derivatives are formerly sourced from plants and animal fats. The analysis of metabolomes coupled with transcriptomes and proteomes revealed a comprehensive molecular mechanism of lipid accumulation during phosphorus depletion and predicted target genes for strain engineering (Wang et al 2018).
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