Rho kinase inhibitors as new local therapy option in primary open angle glaucoma

Abstract

In 2014 in Japan and 2017 in the USA, the Rho-kinase inhibitors were approved as anew antiglaucomatous substance group and will now be launched in Europe. On this occasion the current state of knowledge on Rho-kinase inhibitors is presented. In intensive search in PubMed the relevant experimental and clinical literature on the Rho-kinase inhibitors ripasudil and netarsudil and the combination of netarsudil and latanoprost were selected and compiled for this review. The intraocular pressure lowering efficacy of ripasudil and netarsudil is in the range of the beta blocker timolol and the prostaglandin analogue latanoprost. In the fixed combination netarsudil/latanoprost the intraocular pressure reduction is greater than that of the single components and reaches atarget pressure of below 15 mm Hg in 32%. Conjunctival hyperemia with 53-65% is the most common local side effect. Systemic side effects are very rare and so far there are no contraindications. The Rho-kinase inhibitors are an interesting new introduction for glaucoma therapy, as each new pressure-lowering therapy represents an additional chance to reach the individually defined target pressure level in aglaucoma patient with local therapy; however, many of the pleiotropic effects associated with Rho-kinase inhibitors have so far only been found experimentally and will require clinical confirmation in the future.