Rhizosphere bacteria community and functions under typical natural halophyte communities in North China salinized areas.

Fating Yin,Haoran Wang,Fenghua Zhang,Jian Liu

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0259515

Fating Yin, Haoran Wang + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259515

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Abstract

Soil salinity is a serious environmental issue in arid China. Halophytes show extreme salt tolerance and are grow in saline-alkaline environments. There rhizosphere have complex bacterial communities, which mediate a variety of interactions between plants and soil. High-throughput sequencing was used to investigated rhizosphere bacterial community changes under the typical halophyte species in arid China. Three typical halophytes were Leymus chinensis (LC), Puccinellia tenuiflora (PT), Suaeda glauca (SG). The dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria and Bacteroidetes, Suaeda glauca rhizosphere has stronger enrichment of Nitrospirae and Cyanobacteria. The Ace, Chao and Shannon indices were significantly higher in soils under LC and SG (P<0.05). Functional predictions, based on 16S rRNA gene by PICRUSt, indicated that Energy metabolism, Amino acid metabolism, Carbohydrate metabolism and Fatty acid metabolism are dominant bacterial functions in three halophytes rhizosphere soil. Carbon metabolism, Oxidative phosphorylation, Methane metabolism, Sulfur metabolism and Nitrogen metabolism in SG were significantly higher than that in LC and PT. Regression analysis revealed that rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure is influenced by soil organic matter (SOM) and soil water content (SWC), while soil bacterial community diversity is affected by soil pH. This study contributes to our understanding of the distribution characteristics and metabolic functions under different halophyte rhizosphere bacterial communities, and will provide references for the use of rhizosphere bacteria to regulate the growth of halophytes and ecological restoration of saline soil.

Highlights

Soil salinity is one of the rising environmental issues causing considerable yield losses worldwide especially in arid and semiarid regions [1]
The highest relative abundance of Proteobacteria was observed in Puccinellia tenuiflora, with an increase of 0.89% and 1.88% compared to Leymus chinensis and Suaeda glauca, respectively
In contrast with Puccinellia tenuiflora, the relative abundance of Chloroflexi in Leymus chinensis and Suaeda glauca decreased by 0.82% and 1.91%, respectively

Summary

Introduction

Soil salinity is one of the rising environmental issues causing considerable yield losses worldwide especially in arid and semiarid regions [1]. It damages the soil structure, reduces soil quality and limits the growing of crops [2]. Rhizosphere bacteria community and functions under typical natural halophyte communities grown well in saline soil due to their saline-alkali tolerance features [3, 4]. They contribute enormously to the supply of food, fuel, fiber and fodder in developing countries [5]. Most studies on halophytes have focused on phytoremediation of saline land and heavy metal contaminated soils, little known distribution characteristics and metabolic functions of soil bacteria in the rhizosphere under different halophytes [9, 10]

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