Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the influence of season (Kharif vs.Rabi) and moisture (irrigatedvs. rainfed condition) on groundnut rhizosphere and geocarposphere mycoflora. Fungal populations were always higher in rhizosphere than in geocarposphere while the geocarposphere populations always exceeded those populations in the field soil. Peaks in rhizosphere populations were found when the plants were at flowering stage and again at maturity. Geocarposphere populations showed only a slight increase with age until the plants were 90 days old and then rose rapidly until harvest. Qualitative differences appear to be related to temperature and soil moisture condition (as influenced by irrigation) inKharif andRabi season crops.Penicillium spp. were the most dominant group inKharif but disappeared inRabi. Aspergillus spp. were the second dominant group inKharif. A. flavus and otherAspergillus spp. were the most dominant fungi inRabi. Fusarium spp.,Macrophomina phaseolina, members of nucorales andTrichoderma spp., were the subdominant groups inKharif. Fusarium spp., were more dominant inRabi than inKharif. M. phaseolina was equally dominant in both seasons. Qualitative differences between field soil, rhizosphere and geocarposphere as also between irrigated and rainfed plots ofKharif were not marked. Populations were always higher inKharif than inRabi. The fungi which were found as dominants in geocarposphere were also found as dominants or subdominants in shells and kernels of developing pods in that season. Potentially plant pathogenic fungi isolated from field soil, rhizosphere and geocarposphere and plant parts were tested for pathogenicity on groundnut plants.
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