Rhizopus oryzae에 의한 감귤 무름병

Abstract

2010년 진주시 농산물도매시장에 구입한 감귤에서 이상증상이 발생하였다. 상처 난 감귤 껍질이 수침상으로 물러지고 부패하기 시작하였다. 병징으로부터 분리한 감자한천 배지에서 곰팡이는 연한 갈색의 균총과 검은색의 포자낭을 형성하였다. 균사생육 적온은 <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX>이었으나 <TEX>$37^{\circ}C$</TEX>에서도 생육이 가능하였다. 포자낭경은 흰색에서 갈색이며 크기는 <TEX>$6{\sim}20\;{\mu}m$</TEX> 이었다. 포자낭은 흰색에서 검은색으로 변하며 구형 또는 반구형으로 크기는 <TEX>$40{\sim}200\;{\mu}m$</TEX>이었다. 주축은 구형 또는 반구형으로 크기는 <TEX>$85{\sim}120\;{\mu}m$</TEX>이었다. 포자낭포자는 담갈색, 단포이며 구형으로 크기는 <TEX>$4{\sim}10\;{\mu}m$</TEX>이었다. 이상과 같은 병원균의 균학적 특징, ITS 염기서열 유사도, 병원성 검정 결과, 본 병해를 Rhizopus oryzae에 의한 감귤 무름병으로 명명할 것을 제안한다. Soft rot caused by Rhizopus oryzae occurred on unshiu orange (Citrus unshiu Marc.) sampled from commercial markets in Jinju, Korea, 2010. The first symptom of soft rot on orange is a water-soaked appearance of the affected tissue. The infected parts later disintegrated into a mushy mass of disorganized cells followed by rapid softening of the diseased tissue. The lesion on orange was rapidly softened and rotted, then became brown or dark brown. Optimum temperature for mycelial growth of the causal fungus on potato dextrose agar was <TEX>$30^{\circ}C$</TEX> and growth was still apparent at <TEX>$37^{\circ}C$</TEX>. Sporangiophores were <TEX>$6{\sim}20\;{\mu}m$</TEX> in diameter. Sporangia were globose and <TEX>$40{\sim}200\;{\mu}m$</TEX> in size. The color of sporangia was brownish-grey to blackish-grey at maturity. Sporangiospores were sub-globose, brownish- black streaked and <TEX>$4{\sim}10\;{\mu}m$</TEX> in size. Columella were globose to sub-globose and <TEX>$85{\sim}120\;{\mu}m$</TEX> in size. On the basis of mycological characteristics, pathogenicity test, and the ITS sequence analysis, the causal fungus was identified as Rhizopus oryzae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of soft rot caused by R. oryzae on unshiu orange in Korea.