Abstract
ABSTRACT Crotalaria juncea is used as plant cover in grape vineyards in Brazil, which usually present soils with high copper (Cu) levels due to the application of Cu-based phyto-sanitary products. Under this condition an increase growth and cover of C. juncea is needed to improve the phytoremediation processes in those soils. Some alternatives to achieve this condition is the inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which has demonstrated an important increase of plant growth in Cu-contaminated soils at different soil [...]
Highlights
Grape vines in Brazil are cultivated in humid areas, which favor the presence of fungal foliar diseases, limiting the productivity of grapes
Some alternatives to achieve this condition is the inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which has demonstrated an important increase of plant growth in Cu-contaminated soils at different soil P levels
The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of AMF inoculation in soils with high Cu contents on the growth of C. juncea, the acid phosphatase (APase) enzyme activity in plants and soil, and the presence of glomalin under different P supply conditions, as a basis to identify if there is a synergistic interaction between AMF inoculation and P supply on soils with high Cu levels
Summary
Grape vines in Brazil are cultivated in humid areas, which favor the presence of fungal foliar diseases, limiting the productivity of grapes. It has been suggested that AMF may protect plants against an excess PTE, possibly through the following mechanisms: i) the dilution of PTE in plant tissue due to the increase in plant growth (Christie et al, 2004); ii) the prevention of absorption through the precipitation or chelation of the elements in the rhizosphere (Kaldorf et al, 1999; Meier et al, 2012a); and iii) the reduction of PTE absorption due to the sequestration and immobilization in the fungal structures, and iv) the production of glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by AMF (Khan et al, 2000; Zhu et al, 2001; González-Chávez et al, 2002; Cornejo et al, 2008; Aguilera et al, 2011; Meier et al, 2012b; Cornejo et al, 2013), with a consequent reduction in the transport of elements from the roots to shoots (Joner et al, 2000; Christie et al, 2004) These effects of AMF on their host plants vary depending on the fungal isolates tested and the soil contaminants (Silva et al, 2006), which may be related to the PTE retention capacity by the fungal mycelium
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