Abstract
THE STRUCTURES about the head and neck are so intimately related anatomically and physiologically that pathological lesions involving these areas frequently require the combined efforts of the rhinolaryngologist, orthodontist, speech therapist, audiologist, prosthodontist, psychologist, etc. The best perspective for the surgeon and maximum benefits to the patient can be achieved only by coordination of skills rather than by a concentration of each specialist on his particular phase of the problem. Owing to lack of space we will limit our discussion to problems requiring the combined cooperation of only the rhinologist and the orthodontist. Normal and Abnormal Physiology For a clearer understanding of the clinical problems to be presented, we will review some pertinent facts in normal and disturbed physiology of nasal respiration, mastication, deglutition, dental occlusion, and phonation. These organic functions are interdependent and are activated by a balance of forces furnished by the muscles of the respiratory and upper
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