Abstract
This review provides an overview of the recent progress in the field of the rheology of grouts for historic masonry consolidation. During the last two decades, significant research has been devoted on the grouting technique for stone masonry consolidation but most results are scattered by scientific papers, congress communications, and thesis. This paper compiles and briefly demonstrates the effect of several intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, such as admixtures, additions, pressure, temperature, and measuring instrumentation, on the rheological performance of natural hydraulic lime-based grouts.
Highlights
Grouting is generally used as a means of changing or improving the masonry’s load bearing capacity to vertical and horizontal actions
High range water reducers (HRWRs) like superplasticizers have a significant influence on the rheology of the grout, since they are capable of reducing the water contents by 30% or, for the same water content, will improve the fluidity of the grout [78]
Despite the widespread use of natural hydraulic lime (NHL)-based grouts for structural consolidation and repair of historic masonry structures, research works on the subject are still insufficient
Summary
Grouting is generally used as a means of changing or improving the masonry’s load bearing capacity to vertical and horizontal actions. A commonly used method for grouting is the grout injection, whereby the grout material, i.e., the suspension of binder particles in an aqueous medium, is forced by pressure into voids and fractures of stone masonry wall (Figure 1). Cement based grouts are the most widely used reinforcing material in concrete structures It is not suitable for consolidation works of stone masonry buildings and the main reasons are the mechanical strength and rigidity (higher modulus of elasticity) of cement, which results in poor compatibility with the masonry characteristics in mechanical, physical, and chemical aspects. Different elements, currently used by the cement and concrete industries, can be added to the grout, to either optimize its performance or lower the cost. Contribution of different factors, additives, and admixtures on the rheology of injection grouts
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