Abstract
Poly(ether ether ketone) nanocomposites containing vapour-grown carbon nanofibres (CNF) were produced using standard polymer processing techniques. At high shear rates no significant increase in resin viscosity was observed. Nevertheless, the addition of the CNFs results in a higher melt strength at 360°C. Electron microscopy confirmed the homogeneous dispersion and alignment of nanofibres in the polymer matrix. Evaluation of the mechanical composite properties revealed a linear increase in tensile stiffness and strength with nanofibre loading fractions up to 15 wt% whilst matrix ductility was maintained up to 10 wt%. An interpretation of the composite performance by short-fibre theory resulted in rather low intrinsic stiffness properties of the vapour-grown CNF. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate crystallization kinetics and degree of crystallinity. The CNFs were found not to act as nucleating sites. Furthermore, unidirectional sliding tests against two different counterpart materials (100Cr6 martensitic bearing steel, X5CrNi18-10 austenitic stainless steel) were performed. The carbon nanofibres were found to reduce the wear rate of PEEK significantly.
Highlights
É homogeneous dispersion and alignment of nanofibres in the polymer matrix
Rheological tests were performed on poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) compounds containing 0, 5, 10 and 15 wt % of carbon nanofibres
Most equipment suitable for PEEK processing methods such as injection moulding or extrusion processes can be used without modifications to handle PEEKCNF composites
Summary
Evaluation of the mechanical composite properties revealed a linear increase in tensile stiffness and strength with nanofibre loading fractions up to 15 wt% whilst matrix ductility was maintained up to 10 wt%. The presented work was aimed at using standard polymer processing techniques to produce nanocomposites of vapourgrown carbon nanofibres (CNF) and a semi-crystalline poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) matrix, with regard to the resulting mechanical and tribological properties.
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