Abstract
As the industry and commercial market move towards the optimization of printing and additive manufacturing, it becomes important to understand how to obtain the most from the materials while maintaining the ability to print complex geometries effectively. Combining such a manufacturing method with advanced carbon materials, such as Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes, and Carbon fibers, with their mechanical and conductive properties, delivers a cutting-edge combination of low-cost conductive products. Through the process of printing the effectiveness of these properties decreases. Thorough optimization is required to determine the idealized ink functional and flow properties to ensure maximum printability and functionalities offered by carbon nanoforms. The optimization of these properties then is limited by the printability. By determining the physical properties of printability and flow properties of the inks, calculated compromises can be made for the ink design. In this review we have discussed the connection between the rheology of carbon-based inks and the methodologies for maintaining the maximum pristine carbon material properties.
Highlights
Carbon (C) is a many allotrope material that can exist in various forms
A methodology for in-nozzle impregnation has been demonstrated by Matsuzaki et al wherein, the carbon fiber is fed through the nozzle with polylactic acid (PLA) in one continuous line [64]
Electrodes made from 3D printed graphene/PLA were demonstrated by Browne et al, these were electrochemically treated for higher conductivity [101]
Summary
Carbon (C) is a many allotrope material that can exist in various forms. These forms vary from diamond, an ultra-hard optically isotropic (directionally transparent or opaque) to graphite, a soft grey material [1]. Carbon is solid in nature, arising from strong covalent bonds, which makes printing it alone impossible, with exceptions at extreme temperature and pressure To utilize these materials in printing methods, the particles must be suspended in a fluid and used as a vehicle for printing. To utilize these materials in printing methods, the particles must be suspended in a fluid and used as a vehicle for pthrrinoutCiFcgnFcooiohiggnglno.ulvuvoTurereienehtdntita1ti1sioh.lo.nmenOsaOayiluslxsueptpttlctreuirlnioiimnrnnenettesidinoonogfafgdfrstvtieevoseacpcalrhhihiredoeninroutiisaequqsinrusouofdeneofgssor,le,mprianaqmhllsuoeosaoninosdguogfefs.fwwcocaTsiiratrothmhrbhlbioutsstohnhtnieisesoi(yir(CrnksCbb)stn)eeeounwmnuwseesieffietnidphcdciriaaafeafsollosrppaedrrrniicoionsntopppkskleeselsrirornttisiiiintendeeessadraaaaleddnnpssddddtyhiiitsntpapiitvgsovoeeetetmeernmnuhm.ttneaiiaaaoinnlflluououufrfgssaameecicscsttl.u.auyrlriidnpngirgsotaarpninebddrutiteesd, whichCboellaorisdailmspyosrtetamnsceardeuheetteorotgheeneuosue sosfoltuhteisoenscowlliotihdaldiinskpserisnedadpdhiatsiveeunmifaonrumfalyctudrisintrgibauntedd ctohnrvoeuCngothinovnueatnltth2ioeDnseapcllroyinn,dtcinadrgibspopenrrosicisoesnssopelsihd.aPsiern.inTnthaatibsuilrsieyty,staedrmiestiepnrrgmesfienrnoetms itnhstteerorfenisngtiisnchgoevrdhaelpeornliotngtbiocqanuldaplsir,toywpeihnritcitehesr,mmwashkioecfsh ppborerianortssiintiygm, isptuoarrlftoaancneecfeiimndipusohes,tsaoinbtdlhee,rewussoietlhuotfeixothcneeopseftigocoenolslmoaitedtearxlyti.rnTekmhseeindteeamtdedrpmietriavnteautmrioeanannoufdfaidpcetrueasrlsipnurgriena.tnaTdboicluiottynilvirzeenquttihiorenessael tpmpap2fiariDrnarliootnitispeprtcRhCerierlnhid,eiroangastellitn.oslre[io4Thdlnsioi–nehgdwrg1oieapyp2shlslo]rromi.iiosglslneyuciitcxtsemtihattisnoeulesagmneripsnesmost.rtuofaoPeafdipgtrrnshyeeieionoornlothmdigiafdeesbetts,thaiethtlrnreihewytod.eyigdhnTlepdietihlenqfaeeonuertertdodimimrduceemladtsafeeioitsnprsniromotmremanolsiuiuspnntatshaeiiinnstorteidtgnbkoifiesennfnstlowhsooiowusewfifhstnithepdihondaeeefatsnapemlndandrpoeidaicnrvsdtoeipttendleielqltnroracu,spiabadaewrriladlobfiihltltpouyiypsnceiyhidhrrnspetatiaqhaseteneeruosmtrdliiumrdc.oeunlsfsseissaftoetoah[dfgri4elpmr–oaeo1rsnlaer2yotad]v.sdavriemithelsyehto,rcoisuicalubonlreurbgtftoifaoeconcdafrel rtehlreovuaRgnhhceooutoltoigtnhykeipssertichnoetninsdtgu.ddDisyepsoeifrgstnihoinengdptehhfoearsfmelo. Since these carbon-based inks are colloidal, a clear understanding of the flow nature of the suspended particles in additive the manufacturing and conventional printing methods will dictate the overall printability of the carbon allotropes. A review paper of relevance was conducted by Derby [8], in which the rheological aspects of 3D printing ceramics were investigated
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