Abstract
The present review relates to the field of nanocomposite materials comprising a thermoplastic nanofibrillar phase dispersed in a matrix that is also thermoplastic. The fact of forming the nanofibrillar phase in situ during melt processing gives it the role of a reinforcing nanofiller for thermoplastic materials. This paper discusses the major factors influencing the formation of self-reinforced nanofibrillar polymer composite (NFC) materials throughout manufacturing steps. More specifically, the rheological considerations allowing the prediction of the in situ nanofibrillation during melt blending and post-processing as well as the methods of production of these polymer nanocomposites are described. The major challenges related to the future development in the field of NFCs are addressed. The concept of self-reinforced nanofibrillar polymer materials shows great potential in lightweight eco-design processes and represents a new approach to polymer nanocomposite recycling for a variety of industrial applications.
Highlights
Nanocomposite materials comprising a polymer matrix in which reinforcing nanofillers are embedded to improve mechanical performance, such as silica, carbon and clay reinforcing elements, are well known
In order to nanocomposites based prepare nanofibrillar polymer composites (NFCs) (Figure 19, Route A), the drawn strand subjected to compression compression molding above the melting was wound on a metal plate and subjected temperature of the matrix polymer A
Since the size of a drop and its dispersity in the extruded melt becomes larger with the weight fraction of the suspended phase, the number of elongated nanofibrils formed both directly from the virgin droplets and from the coalesced ones increases with wf, as does the proportion of the latter in the total fiberization
Summary
Nanocomposite materials comprising a polymer matrix in which reinforcing nanofillers are embedded to improve mechanical performance, such as silica, carbon and clay reinforcing elements, are well known. Due to the fact that they are based only on thermoplastic polymers, their ability to be recycled is clearly improved compared with that of polymers strengthened by solid fibers (glass or carbon for example) [3,4] Their density is lower (lightweight materials) and in certain configurations, they can present significantly superior mechanical and thermal properties [4,5]. During the manufacture of nanofibrillar composites (NFC) comprising a thermoplastic matrix (A) and a reinforcing thermoplastic component (B), the former generally has a melting or working temperature (TwA) below the corresponding temperature of component constituting the reinforcement, i.e., TwA < TwB In another configuration, when specific rheological conditions are met, the working temperature of polymer B (TwB), which forms the fibrillar phase, could be less than or equal to the melt processing temperature of polymer A, i.e., TwB < TwA.
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