Rheological Characterization of Hydroxypropylcellulose Gels

Abstract

The present paper describes the rheological properties of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) gels formulated in propylene glycol (PG), water, ethanol, and mixtures of these components. The effects of molecular weight, polymer concentration, and solvent composition on the apparent viscosity and flow characteristics have been studied by continuous shear rheometry. The HPC gels are shear thinning and do not exhibit significant yield or hysteresis in their rheograms. The apparent viscosity increases with increasing molecular weight and concentration of the polymer, as expected. Although not so pronounced at lower concentrations (≤ 1.5%), HPC gels tend to become increasingly non-Newtonian with increasing molecular weight at higher polymer concentrations (3%). A mathematical model has been proposed for the prediction of viscosities of HPC gels. There exists a high degree of dependence on molecular interactions between various solvent molecules in the prediction of mixture viscosities in ternary systems. The effects of solvent composition on the viscoelastic behavior of these gels have also been examined by dynamic mechanical analysis. The HPC gels are highly viscoelastic and exhibit greater degrees of elasticity with increased PG content in ternary solvent mixtures with water and ethanol. The study also suggests that dynamic mechanical analysis could prove to be a useful tool in the determination of zero-shear viscosities, viscosities that are representative of most realistic situations.