Rheological behaviour of tamarind seed gum in aqueous solutions

Abstract

Tamarind seed gum as seed polysaccharide from Tamarindus indica L. has been characterized for physicochemical and rheological properties in the present work. The structural analysis determined the presence of glucose:xylose:galactose in a molar ratio of 2.61:1.43:1.The Huggins and Kraemer plots obtained by capillary viscometry gave an intrinsic viscosity of 4.7 dl g −1 and the viscosity average molecular mass was calculated to be 9.18 × 10 5 g mol −1 using the Mark–Houwink relationship. The steady shear and dynamic viscoelasticity properties of tamarind seed gum in aqueous solutions at different concentrations were investigated at 20 °C using a Haake Rheometer RS75. The tamarind seed gum solutions clearly exhibited shear-thinning flow behaviour at high shear rate and Newtonian region occurred at low shear rate range, however, at higher concentrations, pronounced shear thinning was observed. The value of zero shear viscosity ( η 0) was estimated by fitting Cross and Carreau models. The specific viscosity at zero shear rate ( η sp 0) was plotted against the coil overlap parameter ( C[ η]) and the slopes of the lines in the dilute and semi-dilute regions were found to be ∼2.2 and 4.3, respectively. The value of the critical concentration ( C ∗) was about 4.23/[ η]. While, the mechanical spectra in the linear viscoelastic region of tamarind seed gum solutions showed the typical shape for macromolecular solutions. Plots of η versus γ and η ∗ versus ω were superimposable and hence obey the Cox–Merz rule.