Abstract
Recent studies have illuminated the rheological behavior of synovial fluid and the role of protein and hyaluronan (HA). However, with respect to artificial joint replacement in standardized wear simulations, bovine serum is used as fluid test medium. Little is known about the rheological characteristics of bovine serum, which are needed for precise tribological investigations. The steady shear viscosity of bovine calf serum is determined for protein concentrations used in standardized wear simulations depending on shear rate and temperature T. Additionally, the density of the serum is determined for both protein concentrations. The results show shear thinning behavior of bovine calf serum with a nearly Newtonian behavior in the range of high shear rates. Within the range of high shear rates, mean viscosities of η = 0.82–0.88 mPa·s were found for protein concentrations of 20 g/L and mean viscosities of η = 0.88–0.94 mPa·s for 30 g/L, decreasing with temperature. Densities of 1.004–1.005 g/cm3 and 1.007–1.008 g/cm3 were found for 20 and 30 g/L protein concentrations, respectively.
Highlights
IntroductionJoint replacement in the main joints of the human body, such as the hip, knee or shoulder joints, has become increasingly important
Protein concentrations of 20 and 30 g/L, which were used in standardized wear simulations, and the undiluted raw serum with a protein concentration of 70 g/L were investigated
The results showed shear thinning behavior in the range of low shear rates and nearly
Summary
Joint replacement in the main joints of the human body, such as the hip, knee or shoulder joints, has become increasingly important. In addition to degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis and arthrosis [2], high stresses [3] and a frequent overstraining of the joint [4], which leads to continuous changes and wear in the cartilage [2], are the main reasons for joint replacement. Even with joint replacement, aseptic and septic loosening can lead to implant failure and revisions. These kinds of failures are generally multifactorial, but the main reasons may be related to mechanical or biological causes [6]. The consequences for the joint differ depending on the amount, size, shape and chemical composition of the wear products of artificial joints [8,9,10,11,12,13]
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