Abstract
Rheochloa scabiflora Filg., P.M. Peterson & Y Herrera, gen. et sp. nov., is described and illustrated. The new species occurs in humid grasslands of Municipio de Mineiros, Goias, Parque Nacional das Emas in central Brazil. It seems most closely allied with Dinebra but differs by its perennial habit, inflorescences composed of 3-5 subdigitate racemes, short pedicellate spikelets, glabrous lemmas that are ciliolate on the apex, and fusiform caryopses with persistent style bases. Rheochloa is tentatively placed in subtribe Eragrostidinae of tribe Eragrostideae. So far, R. scabriflora is known only from a single population located inside Parque Nacional das Emas (18?17'55S-52?43'79W).
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