Abstract
The present work presents a new nanocomposite catalyst with rhenium nanostructures (ReNSs) for the catalytic hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol and 4-nitroaniline. The catalyst, based on an anion exchange resin with functionality derived from 1,1′-carboimidazole, was obtained in the process involving anion exchange of ReO4– ions followed by their reduction with NaBH4. The amino functionality present in the resin played a primary role in the stabilization of the resultant ReNSs, consisting of ≈1% (w/w) Re in the polymer mass. The synthesized and capped ReNSs were amorphous and had the average size of 3.45 ± 1.85 nm. Then, the obtained catalyst was used in a catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and 4-nitroaniline (4-NA). Following the pseudo-first-order kinetics, 5 mg of the catalyst led to a 90% conversion of 4-NP with the mass-normalized rate constant (km1) of 6.94 × 10−3 min−1 mg−1, while the corresponding value acquired for 4-NA was 7.2 × 10−3 min−1 mg−1, despite the trace amount of Re in the heterogenous catalyst. The obtained material was also conveniently reused.
Highlights
Nitroaromatic compounds (NARs) have been identified as one of the major chemicals revealing toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic character [1,2]
As a result of the abovementioned health risk imposed by NARs, a strict control of environmental and health hazards arising from their occurrence is of a great concern all over the world
We propose a new NCat based on the polymeric nanocomposite consisting of the anion exchange resin and ReNPs
Summary
Nitroaromatic compounds (NARs) have been identified as one of the major chemicals revealing toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic character [1,2]. As a result of this, the scientific literature has been focused on applying metallic nanostructures as nanocatalysts (NCats) for the reduction of NARs [8] Such NPs, derived from both precious as well as non-precious metals [3,8], are selective and preferably reduce –NO2 groups over other reducible moieties. They offer a high stability and are useful for NARs reduction under mild conditions [8,9,10]. All measurements were independently repeated 3 times to get average values along with standard deviations (SDs)
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