Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments in children: Risk factors and surgical outcomes

Abstract

Purpose To describe the presenting features and surgical outcomes in a series of children with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. Design Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. Participants Thirty-nine eyes of 34 children 18 years of age or younger undergoing surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Methods Patients were identified by chart review at two affiliated tertiary care centers. Risk factors for retinal detachment were classified into four categories: (1) congenital or developmental structural ocular abnormalities, (2) trauma, (3) previous ophthalmologic surgery, and (4) preceding uveitis. Results Median age was 10 years, and 79% of patients were boys. Nine patients (26%) had bilateral retinal detachment at presentation, or experienced a detachment in their second eye before their nineteenth birthday. Every eye had at least one risk factor for retinal detachment, and more than half had risk factors in two or more categories. Structural abnormalities were most common (56%). Fifty-one percent of eyes underwent previous surgery, 36% experienced trauma, and 15% had uveitis. Detachments tended to be complex. Median follow-up was 24 months. Retinal reattachment was achieved in 79% of eyes; however, visual recovery was modest. Median preoperative and postoperative visual acuities were counting fingers and 20/400, respectively. Predictors of a poor visual outcome were: unmeasurable or light perception-only preoperative vision ( P = 0.0001), macula-off retinal detachment ( P = 0.01), the need for vitrectomy surgery ( P = 0.01), the presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade C or worse ( P = 0.02), and the use of silicone oil ( P = 0.02). Conclusions Predisposing factors in pediatric retinal detachments, particularly congenital and developmental structural abnormalities, may be more common than previously reported. Modern vitreoretinal surgical techniques can help achieve retinal reattachment in most cases. Many factors contribute to the limited visual recovery in this patient population. Predictors of visual outcomes are similar to those observed in adults. Inability of the clinician to determine confidently the preoperative visual acuity is a newly identified predictor of poor visual outcomes.