Abstract
We evaluated the effectiveness of rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II)-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) vaccination on the induction of antitumor immunity in a mouse lymphoma model using EG7-lymphoma cells expressing ovalbumin (OVA). BMDCs treated with RG-II had an activated phenotype. RG-II induced interleukin (IL)-12, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production during dendritic cell (DC) maturation. BMDCs stimulated with RG-II facilitate the proliferation of CD8+ T cells. Using BMDCs from the mice deficient in Toll-like receptors (TLRs), we revealed that RG-II activity is dependent on TLR4. RG-II showed a preventive effect of immunization with OVA-pulsed BMDCs against EG7 lymphoma. These results suggested that RG-II expedites the DC-based immune response through the TLR4 signaling pathway.
Highlights
Previous research has shown that various compounds extracted from ginseng or grapes, including ginsenosides and resveratrol, have prominent effects on suppressing tumor progression and enhancing immune response.1,2 Resveratrol has been defined as an outstanding compound for tumor therapy via various mechanisms.3 Rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II), another component of ginseng and grapes, has unusual activity on antitumor responses via immune enhancement in a different manner than resveratrol
bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) treated with RG-II have a highly activated phenotype The immunostimulatory capacity of Dendritic cells (DCs) depends on the extent to which major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class and co-stimulatory molecules, including MHC class I, MHC class II, CD80, CD86, and CD40, are expressed
RG-II colocalizes with TLR4, and CD14 and LPS-binding protein (LBP) are crucial for the interaction between RG-II and TLR4 Because of TLR4 dependency on RG-II, we investigated the localization of RG-II on TLR4 using confocal microscopy to confirm the influence of RG-II on TLR4, and showed that RGII colocalizes with TLR4 (Figure 4a)
Summary
Previous research has shown that various compounds extracted from ginseng or grapes, including ginsenosides and resveratrol, have prominent effects on suppressing tumor progression and enhancing immune response. Resveratrol has been defined as an outstanding compound for tumor therapy via various mechanisms. Rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II), another component of ginseng and grapes, has unusual activity on antitumor responses via immune enhancement in a different manner than resveratrol. Previous research has shown that various compounds extracted from ginseng or grapes, including ginsenosides and resveratrol, have prominent effects on suppressing tumor progression and enhancing immune response.. Rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II), another component of ginseng and grapes, has unusual activity on antitumor responses via immune enhancement in a different manner than resveratrol. The generation of a strong cellular immune response is important for successful immunotherapeutic cancer treatment. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in antigen presentation for the initiation and maintenance of immune responses.. Recent research trends have concentrated on the development of a DC-based vaccination protocol for cancer immunotherapy because of the ability of DCs to process and present antigens to elicit a strong T-cell response.. Animal experiments as well as clinical experience indicate that DC-based cancer vaccination mediates potent antitumor immune responses. Immune systems can recognize tumor antigens and elicit CD8 þ T-cell responses against tumor antigens through the process of cross-presentation, and optimal crosspresentation of tumor antigens by antigen-presenting cells is required for sufficient priming of CD8 þ T-cell responses capable of resolving tumors. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in antigen presentation for the initiation and maintenance of immune responses. recent research trends have concentrated on the development of a DC-based vaccination protocol for cancer immunotherapy because of the ability of DCs to process and present antigens to elicit a strong T-cell response. Animal experiments as well as clinical experience indicate that DC-based cancer vaccination mediates potent antitumor immune responses.
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