Rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure in severely burned patients

Abstract

Rhabdomyolysis (RML) is a precarious complication in severely burned patients and the principal treatment goal is prevention of acute renal failure (ARF). This 10-year retrospective study analyses the causes for RML in severely burned patients and evaluates treatment algorithms. Eight of 714 patients (1%) were diagnosed with RML. Percentage TBSA burn was 25 ± 13%. The mean abbreviated burn severity index score (ABSI) was 9 ± 2. ARF was found in 75% (6/8) of the patients. Serum myoglobin (MB) was reduced by 41 ± 16% after 24-h treatment by solitary volume repletion (VR) and by 44 ± 20% through VR + continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). Mortality was 50% (4/8). Peak mean CPK-levels were more than two and MB-levels more than four times higher in non-survivors than in survivors. Burns associated with RML result in poor survival. VR and CVVHDF are effective measures in treating RML. CVVHDF is effective in removing MB when using high flux filter membranes. Early CVVHDF (within 24 h of diagnosis) with high-cut off membranes could reduce the risk of ARF and mortality.