Abstract
Recent advances in biotechnology led to generation of large complex biological and clinical datasets that can be used to infer the underlying mechanism of many diseases and arrive at personalized treatments. One of these datasets are the whole genome profiles, including a good collection of publicly available human gene expression datasets. In this project, we analysed gene expression profiles of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We found that the regulator of G-protein signalling 5 (RGS5) might play a crucial role in initiation and progression of RCC, and it might be prognostic. We observed that a high expression level of RGS5 is associated with better survival months. Importantly, when the grade of tumour increases, the RGS5 expression level significantly decreases. Although there is no difference between expression level of RGS5 in male and female patients with primary tumours in the right kidney, among patients with primary tumours in the left kidney, females have a significantly higher RGS5 expression than male patients. Interestingly, we also observed a significant association between the high expression level of RGS5 and low serum calcium level and elevated white blood cells level.
Highlights
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most commonly seen malignant tumour type in adult kidneys [1], and it is considered a morphologically and genetically heterogeneous tumour [2]
We found that the grade of RCC tumours is a decreasing function of the normalized value of regulator of G-protein signalling 5 (RGS5)
We found that there is a significant reduction in the RGS5 expression from the G2 to the G4 grade
Summary
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most commonly seen malignant tumour type in adult kidneys [1], and it is considered a morphologically and genetically heterogeneous tumour [2]. The incidence rate of RCC is around twice as common in males as in females [3,4], and the most common risk factors are obesity, diabetes and hypertension [5]. According to the US National Cancer Institute, there were approximately 533 204 people with kidney and renal pelvis cancer in 2016, and 73 820 people are estimated as a new case in 2019 which is 4.2% of all new cancer cases. 74.8% of the patients survived 5 years or more in 2009–2015, 14 770 people are estimated to die in 2019 because of this disease [6].
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