Abstract
This paper highlights the incorporation of catalyst choice, feedstock type, and production technique for biodiesel production, thereby addressing existing gaps in the current research. In this sense, the rGO@SnO2/ZnO nanocomposite as a novel heterogeneous catalyst was prepared and employed to generate biodiesel from waste frying oil (WFO) by electrolysis approach for the first time. The structural attributes of rGO@SnO2/ZnO nanocatalyst were evaluated by several analyses. According to these analyses, rGO@SnO2/ZnO nanocomposite has a specific area of 61.428g/m2 and appropriate functional groups. Additionally, a CCD-based RSM approach was employed for achieving the highest biodiesel yield in optimal conditions (MeOH/WFO molar proportion=12:1, reaction time= 40min, voltage=40V, and catalyst concentration= 3.5wt.%) was 96.47%. Likewise, the yield of biodiesel decreased from 96.58 to 88.36% after seven reuse cycles, which reveals the substantial stability of rGO@SnO2/ZnO nanocomposite in the transesterification procedure. Moreover, the thermodynamic behavior of biodiesel synthesis indicated that the transesterification employing rGO@SnO2/ZnO nanocomposite is endothermic. The activation energy and Arrhenius factor for the transesterification of WFO to biodiesel utilizing rGO@SnO2/ZnO nanocatalysts were determined to be 51.59kJ/mol and 6.67×105min-1, respectively. Due to the high biodiesel yield and remarkable reusability, rGO@SnO2/ZnO nanocomposite is strongly recommended for the transesterification procedure.
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