Abstract
A new biomimetic nanointerface was constructed by facile grafting the bioactive arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) peptide on the graphene oxide (GO) surface through carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide coupling amidation reaction. The formed RGD-GO nanocomposites own unique two-dimensional structure and desirable electrochemical performance. The linked RGD peptides could improve GO’s biocompatibility and support the adhesion and proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFs) on RGD-GO biofilm surface. Furthermore the biologically active RGD-GO nanocomposites were demonstrated as a potential biomimetic nanointerface for monitoring cell biobehaviors by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). By analysis of the data obtained from equivalent circuit-fitting impedance spectroscopy, the information related to cell membrane capacitance, cell-cell gap resistance, and cell-electrode interface gap resistance in the process of cell adhesion and proliferation could be obtained. Besides, this proposed impedance-based cell sensor could be used to assess the inhibition effect of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the HPLFs proliferation. Findings from this work suggested that RGD peptide functionalized GO nanomaterials may be not only applied in dental tissue engineering but also used as a sensor interface for electrochemical detection and analysis of cell behaviors in vitro.
Highlights
For in vitro cytological analysis, cell adhesion and proliferation behaviors are influenced by the extracellular microenvironment, while the corresponding microenvironment parameters adjustment can show impacts on the biological behaviors of cells [1, 2]
The preparation process of RGD-Graphene oxide (GO) biofilms was shown in Scheme 1
RGD peptides with amino functional groups were immobilized onto the GO film surface owning abundant surface carboxyl groups via the EDC/NHSactivated amidation reaction to form RGD-GO biofilms
Summary
For in vitro cytological analysis, cell adhesion and proliferation behaviors are influenced by the extracellular microenvironment, while the corresponding microenvironment parameters adjustment can show impacts on the biological behaviors of cells [1, 2]. In order to analyze cell biological behaviors in vitro, the cells need to be cultivated on the surface of support materials owning desirable properties, especially with good biocompatibility. Physical and chemical properties of the support materials, including surface roughness, hydrophilicity, surface chemical functional groups, topological morphology, and surface charge, are able to show great impact on the behaviors of cell adhesion and proliferation on their surface [3, 4]. Due to its excellent physicochemical properties, GO is widely used as cell growth interface for in vitro cytological analysis applications [9,10,11]. Through various chemical modification and functionalization, GO can be used for electrochemical and biomedical applications [12,13,14,15]
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