Abstract
The paper focuses on the synthesis of semi-passive RFID transponders-sensors that are intended to integrate with active glazing units with built-in photovoltaic cells. The main purpose of the designed construction of the UHF RFID device is to provide diagnostic information in the monitoring system of a photovoltaic micro-power plant. Furthermore, the RFID sensor is aimed at being implemented at various stages of the product life cycle: production, distribution, storage, installation, common operation, service/maintenance and disposal. In the presented research work, particular attention is paid to several aspects of the RFID sensor synthesis: use of the energy, generated periodically in the PV cells, to power the monitoring device that has to act permanently; specification of the PV module parameters that have to be monitored in the diagnostic process; implementation of data acquisition and energy management models in an electrical circuit; wireless data transfer to the master unit (monitoring host), even in the absence of power supply (e.g., module damage, blackout), using a standardized communication protocol IEC 18000-63 used in the RFID technology; and the design of the antenna system taking into consideration limitations of electronic technology and the material properties of substrates and glasses used in PV modules and RFID sensors. Based on the results of the investigations, the modular structure of the RFID sensor demonstrator is proposed. Moreover, several diagnostic scenarios are analyzed in detail. On the basis of the provided considerations, it is shown that in order to find a malfunctioning component, it is enough to compare the voltages on the photovoltaic modules that are in the close vicinity.
Highlights
The synthesis process of an object-integrated, semi-passive RFID transponder-sensor (RFID sensor) is a complex task. It is even more difficult when the RFID sensor is dedicated to be used in the active glazing unit and it is intended for an automatic identification system covering all stages of the product life cycle: production, distribution, storage, installation, common operation, service/maintenance, disposal, etc
This can affect the efficiency of energy generation due to maximum power point (MPP) shifting (Figure 1c, red line), and the voltage on the PV module output terminals may completely disappear or change polarity
A standard implementation of the RFID system consists in attaching the passive RFID transponder to a marked object (e.g., PV module) in order to enable its identification based on a unique identification number [13]
Summary
Photovoltaic (PV) modules are increasingly often integrated with glazing units that are installed in the facade walls of buildings. If PV cells are integrated in the glazing unit, an active glazing unit is obtained It can be equipped with a sensor module for monitoring its operation parameters. The synthesis process of an object-integrated, semi-passive RFID (radio frequency identification) transponder-sensor (RFID sensor) is a complex task. It is even more difficult when the RFID sensor is dedicated to be used in the active glazing unit and it is intended for an automatic identification system covering all stages of the product life cycle: production, distribution, storage, installation, common operation, service/maintenance, disposal, etc. In order to achieve the assumed tasks, a modular structure of the designed RFID sensor demonstrator was proposed A module of object radio identification (RFID Part); measurement module (MEAS Part) that includes a data acquisition block with a wire interface (MCU Block) and a block of physical quantity sensors (SENS Block)
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