Abstract
In this paper, mechanisms of RF energy absorption by body tissue in close proximity to wireless equipment, are studied using numerical simulations at frequencies above 24 GHz. It is shown that at millimeter-wave (mmW) frequencies, of relevance for 5G mobile communications, and for realistic source to body separation distances, the contribution from the reactive near-field to the energy deposition in the tissue is small. Furthermore, the interaction between the source and the exposed body is modest. The results suggest that the effects of the near-field body interactions are small when evaluating electromagnetic field compliance at mmW frequencies.
Highlights
During the last decades, large research efforts have been spent to characterize exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) below 10 GHz, i.e. for those bands where the vast majority of current radio communication sources operate. International exposure limits such as those recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP, [1]) as well as EMF compliance testing methodologies and procedures (e.g. [2]) in this frequency range have been defined based on extensive available knowledge
The separation distance between the tissue model and the overall radiating structure is larger than what measured from the real physical elements and the contribution from the exponentially decaying evanescent waves is smaller
Energy absorption mechanisms and near-field body-antenna interactions were studied at frequencies of relevance for the generation of mobile communication networks, 5G
Summary
Large research efforts have been spent to characterize exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) below 10 GHz, i.e. for those bands where the vast majority of current radio communication sources operate. International exposure limits such as those recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP, [1]) as well as EMF compliance testing methodologies and procedures Frequency bands within the centimeter and millimeter wave range, are key components of the generation mobile network, 5G [3], which is expected to be commercially available before 2020. Some authors provided insights on exposure assessment methodologies in this frequency range [8]–[10] or have investigated the implications that the current EMF exposure limits may have on future wireless devices [11]–[13]
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